"Good" Women And "Bad" Women And How Economics Shapes Our Construction Of Feminity.

    

     In our society we have the idea that good, bad, right or wrong. It can be determined based on behaviour, physical characteristics ,and believes. Why do we see these constructions of "good" and "bad" women? One of the main point is that it important for economics. It means a lot for sales.
- Appearance products and home products.
  Therefore, advertisers want an audience that believes that a woman's role is to look good and take care of others. This woman will buy more of the stuff they are selling. The good woman is more attractive to advertisers. Therefore, media outlets that celebrate the values of the "good" woman are more attractive to advertisers.
  What do we get in women's magazines? The most common picture is a happy, forced smile- the"good"woman who is married or looking for a partner, based at home for raising kids and trying to do her best.
     All these aspects show us that image of "good" or "bad" woman playing weighty effect for advertisers who would like to sell more their products for typical housewifes.

Prejudice Against Women. Women Talk More Than Men.

   

      As we know in society we have stereotype that women talk too much, and their chat sometimes has  no sense or useful information. But some evidence show that when women and men are together, it is the men who talk most. Many researches found that when men and women have business meeting in most cases men speak most, women used to speak only once or twice. Another example is amounts that girls and boys contribute to classroom talk. From kindergarten or  secondary education males dominate in a classroom talk or discussions. Men talk more than women in public, formal contexts because they perceive participating and orally contributing in such contexts as an activity which increases their status, and men seem to be more concerned with arguing status and power than women are. In conversation men tend to contribute more information and opinions, while women contribute more agreeing or supportive talk.   If women talk at all, this may be perceived as ‘too much talk’ by men who expect them to provide a decorative background in many social contexts. Men generally talk more in formal or public contexts where informative talk is highly valued, and where talk is generally the prerogative of those with some status and has the potential for increasing that status. On the ooposite side women are more likely to contribute in private or informal interactions, where talk more often functions to maintain relationships, and in other situations where for some reasons they feel socially confident.
     So on this evidence we must conclude that the stereotype of the garrulous woman reflects  prejudice against women rather than objective reality.

Discrimination Against Women In Healthcare.

    

       Through  researches was  found that women are continuously charged more for health coverage simply because they are women, and individual market health plans often exclude coverage for services that only women need, for example maternity coverage. Women continue to face with discrimination even if they trying to obtain health insurance market. Most of the women get their insurance through their employer, while a smaller number of them are covered their insurance through public programs or individual market. But there is a number of barriers when women try to get insurance on individual market. Individual markets charging women higher than men in a two ways knowing as a "gender rating" and the exclusion of maternity coverage.
-Insurance carriers are charging women and men different premiums for individually purchased insurance in a practice known as gender rating. Most of the insurance companies enjoy this practice. In a different states and insurance companies differences in charging has different point of charging. As was found the practice of gender rating costs women around $1 billion a year.

-Vast majority of individual market plans do not cover maternity care.
     One more egregious case that evidence discrimination women in healthcare is that in most states non-smoker female will be charged more than a male smoker simply because she is a woman. As an example, 56% of best-selling plans charge a 40-year-old woman who does not smoke more than a 40-year-old man who does smoke. This fact is ridiculous and doesn't have logical explanation.

     Women still have discrimination almost in all part of society life and healthcare is not an exception.

Dukes v. Wal-Mart. Largest Case In Supreme Court Against Women Discrimination.

    

     This story started ten years ago, when group of women who was working in Wal-Mart filed a lawsuit alleging that their employer have discrimination against women.  Top management of Wal-Mart has preference to pay less salary to women than man, man employees get promotion more quickly than women and only few women could get higher promotion. This case was the largest case in the US history which involving 1,5 million female employees of Wal-Mart.

    In 2000 Betty Dukes, a 54 years old women who was working in Wal-Mart in California, claimed sex discrimination. She was working on Wal-Mart for 6 years and she has positive perfomance reviews, but she was denied the training which could help her to get higher position.

    In June 2001, the lawsuit began in U.S. District Court in San Francisco. The plaintiffs seek to represent 1.5 million women, including all those who work or have previously worked in a Wal-Mart store since December 1998. This case was continue almost 10 years and on June 20, 2011 Supreme Court ruled in Wal-Mart's favor, saying that the plaintiffs did not have enough in based to generate a class.

    Betty Dukes, a plaintiff and class representative, has continued to work at a Wal-Mart store in Pittsburg, Calif., throughout the proceedings. “I am disappointed that we were not able to proceed collectively,” she said. “The Supreme Court has ruled against all women of a poor background in this country. It will cost us quite a bit to fight one on one. We are determined to move forward and present our case in court.

    This case show up that Women Discrimination on workplace still has place to be and it occupied big amount of women who could not fight for their rights to get better job position.